何杰金氏淋巴瘤

定义

霍奇金淋巴瘤 is a 癌症 of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system drains excess fluid from the blood and protects against infection. 霍奇金淋巴瘤 is different from other forms of 淋巴瘤.

淋巴系统

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原因

Cancer occurs when cells in the body—in this case a type of white blood cell called lymphocyte—divide without control or order. If cells keep dividing uncontrollably when new cells are not needed, 大量的组织形成, 称为生长或肿瘤. 癌症这个术语指的是 malignant tumors, which can invade nearby tissue and can spread to other parts of the body. A 良性肿瘤 不会入侵或扩散.

The exact 原因 that lead to 霍奇金淋巴瘤 are unknown. It is likely related to complex genetic and environmental factors that lead to changes in the immune system. There is some compelling evidence to suggest an association with certain viral infections such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or 艾滋病毒 .

风险因素

霍奇金淋巴瘤 is more common in men and people ages 15-40 and over 55 years of age. Other factors that may increase your chance of 霍奇金淋巴瘤 include:

• 家族病史
• 感染史 单核细胞增多症 or infection with Epstein-Barr virus, which 原因 单核细胞增多症
• Weakened immune system, including infection with 艾滋病毒 或者存在 艾滋病

症状

症状包括:

• Painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, or groin
• 持续的疲劳
• 晚上出汗
• 咳嗽
• 原因不明的发热
• 减肥
• 瘙痒
• 食欲下降

诊断

You will be asked about your 症状 and medical history. A physical exam will be done, paying particular attention to your lymph nodes.

你的体液和组织可能会被检测. 这可以用:

• 血液测试
• 淋巴结 活组织检查

Your internal bodily structures may need to be viewed. 这可以用:

• CT扫描
• FDG PET/CT扫描

Abdominal surgery may be needed to remove the 脾 和 肝脏活检 . This is not common because of the accuracy of noninvasive scans.

治疗

霍奇金淋巴瘤 is generally considered one of the more curable forms of 癌症. 治疗方案包括:

化疗和外放射治疗

化疗 is 用药物杀死癌细胞. 化疗 may be given in many forms, including pill, injection, and via a catheter. The drugs enter the bloodstream and travel through the body killing mostly 癌症 cells, 还有一些健康的细胞.

In 放射治疗, radiation is directed at the tumor from a source outside the body to kill the 癌症 cells.

In many cases, both chemotherapy and radiation are used to treat 霍奇金淋巴瘤. 治疗方法的选择将基于:

• 疾病的范围
• 受累淋巴结的位置
• Other factors that your doctor will discuss with you

It is important that you be seen by both the medical oncologist to discuss chemotherapy and the radiation oncologist to discuss the radiation therapy. The best 治疗 results come from a discussion and integrated approach.

If the 癌症 does not respond to chemotherapy or radiation, the outcome is usually poor. There are some 治疗 options available, including:

• 骨髓移植 -骨髓被移除. Large doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy are then applied to kill the 癌症 cells. After 治疗, the bone marrow is replaced via a vein. Transplanted bone marrow may be from your bone marrow that was treated to remove 癌症 cells or marrow from a healthy donor.
• 外周血干细胞移植 —Stem cells are very immature cells that produce blood cells. They are removed from circulating blood before chemotherapy or radiation 治疗 and then replaced after 治疗.

脾切除术

脾切除术 is the surgical removal of the 脾, an organ that is part of the lymphatic system. In some cases, splenectomy is recommended in people who have 淋巴瘤.

预防

There are no current guidelines for preventing 霍奇金淋巴瘤 because the cause is unknown.

参考文献

• 成人 霍奇金淋巴瘤 治疗 (PDQ)—patient version. 国家癌症研究所 网站. 可以在: http://www.Cancer Types.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-Treatment-pdq. 于2021年1月28日发布.
• 霍奇金淋巴瘤. 美国癌症协会网站. 可以在: http://www.癌症.org/癌症/hodgkin-淋巴瘤.html. 于2021年1月28日发布.
• 霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL). EBSCO DynaMed网站. 可以在: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114957/Hodgkin-lymphoma-HL . 于2021年1月28日发布.